7逗号规则每个作者都应该知道

在2018年初，缅因州有一个逗号国家法律Cost Oakhurst Dairy five million dollars。

The absence of the Oxford comma in the labor law made two overtime-exempt tasks, packing and distributing food products, read like one activity. So any worker who distributed but didn't pack any food products or vice versa sued the dairy company for their unsettled overtime pay. The workers won the suit.

In the grand scheme of things,COmmas似乎微不足道。but, as you can see, even one tiny error can cost you millions of dollars.

As a professional writer, correct comma usage is especially important because writing a piece packed full of comma errors could seriously damage your reputation.

逗号是小但有效的细节，您必须对激光般的关注，因此我们决定创建每个作家应该知道的七个逗号规则的列表。希望，以正确的方式使用逗号的方式刷新您的记忆将有助于您消除犯下这些谨慎危险的语法错误的任何尴尬机会。

1. You can only connect two complete sentences with a comma if there’s a coordinating conjunction (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So, or FANBOYS) between them.

一个完整的句子有一个主题动词，表达了一个完整的思想，它可以是自己的句子。例如，“我们找到了一只迷路的狗”和“我们带她回家”，都是完整的句子。

但是，如果您在两者之间放置逗号，例如“我们找到了一只失落的狗，我们把她带回家”，您最终得到了逗号的拼接。

To fix this, you need to insert a coordinating conjunction or one of the FANBOYS after the comma, like this: “We found a lost dog,所以我们带她回家。”这就是您正确使用逗号将两个完整句子连接在一起的方式。

2.使用逗号将不完整的句子与完整的句子联系起来。

一个不完整的句子可以有一个主语和动词, but it doesn’t express a complete thought, so it can’t be its own sentence. For instance, the sentence, “Even though I tell my friends I hate Nickelback,” doesn’t express a complete thought and can’t stand alone. Therefore, it's an incomplete sentence.

To make it complete, you need to add a comma and a complete sentence to the clause, like, “I went to their concert.” When you do this, you’ve used a comma to link an incomplete sentence with a complete sentence, like this: “Even though I tell my friends I hate rock music, I went to Nickelback’s concert.”

您的不完整句子或完整的句子首先也没关系。例如，“即使我告诉我的朋友我讨厌摇滚音乐，我也参加了Nickelback的音乐会，也是逗号的正确使用。

3.使用牛津逗号。

牛津逗号可能是语法史上最具争议的话题之一。多年来，人们一直在争论是否有必要，但是包括HubSpot的博客在内的许多出版物都认为这对于澄清列表中分开的句子至关重要。

For instance, the sentence, “Today, I watched a documentary about Babe Ruth, a New York City mobster, and the founder of New York-Style pizza,” expresses that I watched a documentary about three famous people who lived in New York City.

If you neglect the Oxford comma in this sentence, though, you end up with something like, “Today, I watched a documentary about Babe Ruth, a New York City mobster and the founder of New York-style Pizza.”

Unless Babe Ruth also lived a secret life of crime and thin-crust pizza, you can see how the absence of the Oxford comma in this sentence could confuse readers.

4. Use a comma between two coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.

Adjectives are considered coordinate when your sentence still makes sense after swapping the adjectives and placing an “and” between the two.

For instance, you can rewrite “I saw a tiny, adorable puppy when I drove to the store” as “I saw a tiny and adorable puppy when I drove to the store". Since the adjectives “tiny” and “adorable” are interchangeable and you can place an “and” between them without muddling the sentence’s meaning, the adjectives are coordinate. You should place a comma between the two.

Sentences with non-coordinate adjectives, like, “I just ate some pungent chicken soup,” don’t need a comma. In this example, “chicken” is an adjunct noun, which means it acts like an adjective describing the noun “soup”. But since "chicken" is technically still a noun, and not an adjective, you don’t need to put a comma between "pungent" and "chicken".

5. Use commas to highlight additional, non-essential information about a noun.

在句子中，“当我去大沼泽地时，我看到了大量的鱼鹰，也称为海鹰。”逗号隔离的单词提供了有关名词的其他信息。但是，对于句子来说，它们并不是至关重要的。

例如，您可以写“我去大沼泽地时看到很多鱼鹰”，这句话仍然很有意义。因此，包括有关名词的任何其他非必需信息都需要您将其与逗号的其余部分隔离。

If any additional, non-essential information is at the end of your sentence, you need to put a comma before it, like, “When I went to the Everglades, I saw a ton of Ospreys, also known as Sea Hawks.”

6.确保您在引号中正确放置逗号。

When you write a sentence with a quote, the placement of a comma depends on whether the attribution is before or after the quote.

例如，当属性在报价之前，就像句子中一样，“厨师说，‘我需要更多奶酪’”，您需要将逗号放在引号之外。

When the attribution is after the quote, like in the sentence, “‘I need more cheese,’ said the cook,” you need to place the comma inside the quotation marks.

7.在“ while”面前放一个逗号，以对比两个想法。

在“ while”面前放一个逗号等同于说“而”。因此，如果您想对比两个想法，例如：“我喜欢从事更多的分析项目，而我的兄弟喜欢从事更多创意项目”，则需要在“ while”之前放一个逗号。

“ while”之前缺少逗号将描述两个同时发生的事件。在句子中，“我跑到药店里喝冰，而格雷格开车去我家让我们的凉爽变得更酷”，我表示格雷格和我去了不同的地方抓住冰和一个凉爽的地方。